Republikk eller monarki? Forfatningsspørsmålet i 1905

Abstract

Abstract

In the aftermath of the European revolutions of the mid 19th century, republican ideals appeared within radical movements in Norway. The struggle against a state led by the bureaucratic elite and monarchal power gave new impetus to the republican movement, and many politicians of the Left party (Liberal) declared themselves to be republicans. But this was mainly a principle; republicanism never became a political demand within the Left party. The main priorities were reform subjects like the introduction of parliamentary power and increased national independence. At the same time republicanism was undermined by the very same nationalism which nourished it. The view of the age of the sagas as a golden period where kings held the roles of heroes increased the legitimacy of the monarchy. When the question of the constitution was raised in 1905, it was overshadowed by the desire to obtain international recognition for Norway as a nation. Christian Michelsen, a republican, was broadly supported when the question was postponed until the crisis with Sweden was resolved. In the intervening time he changed his mind, and when the issue was again raised after the reconciliation in Karlstad, he whole-heartedly supported the maintenance of the monarchy. Considering Michelsen's position in the eyes of the population after having masterminded the abolishment of the union with Sweden plus the fact that the republicans lost sympathy after the criticism of the Karlstad reconciliation, it is hardly surprising that an overwhelming majority both in parliament and in the referendum elected to maintain the monarchy.

Keywords: 1905, monarchy, republican movement, Norway